EC

You usually have EC in a chemotherapy day unit or clinic as an outpatient.

During your course of treatment, you will meet someone from your cancer team, such as a:

• cancer doctor
• chemotherapy nurse or specialist nurse
• specialist pharmacist.

This is who we mean when we mention doctor, nurse or pharmacist in this information.

Before or on the day of each treatment, you will have a blood test. This is to check that it is safe for you to have treatment.

You will meet with a doctor or nurse before you have treatment. They will talk to you about your blood results and ask how you have been feeling. If your blood results are okay, the pharmacy team will prepare your cancer drugs.

Your nurse will usually give you anti-sickness drugs before the cancer drugs. You will have your cancer treatment through 1 of the following:

• a cannula – a short, thin tube the nurse puts into a vein in the arm or hand
• a central line – a fine tube that goes under the skin of the chest and into a vein close by
• a PICC line – a fine tube that is put into a vein in the arm and goes up into a vein in the chest
• an implantable port (portacath) – a disc that is put under the skin on the chest or arm and goes into a vein in the chest.

Your cancer team may also give you anti-sickness drugs and other medicines to take home. Take all your capsules or tablets exactly as they tell you to.

You usually have a course of several cycles of treatment over a few months. Your cancer team will discuss your treatment plan with you. They may give you a copy of the plan to take home.
You usually have a cycle of EC every 21 days (3 weeks).

On the first day your nurse will give you the following:

• Epirubicin – this is a red fluid. The nurse injects it directly into your line, along with a drip (infusion) of fluids 
• Cyclophosphamide – the nurse injects this directly into your line, along with a drip to flush it through. Or they give it as a short infusion.

After this, you have a rest period for the next 3 weeks to let your body recover.

After the rest period, you start your second cycle of EC. This is the same as your first cycle. Your doctor or nurse will tell you how many cycles you are likely to have.

Some people have an allergic reaction while having this treatment. Signs of a reaction can include:

• feeling hot or flushed
• shivering
• itching
• a skin rash
• feeling dizzy or sick
• a headache
• feeling breathless or wheezy
• swelling of your face or mouth
• pain in your back, tummy or chest.

Your nurse will check you for signs of a reaction during your treatment. If you feel unwell or have any of these signs, tell them straight away. If you do have a reaction, they can treat it quickly.

Sometimes a reaction happens a few hours after treatment. If you develop any of these signs or feel unwell after you get home, contact the hospital straight away on the 24-hour number.

Always call 999 if swelling happens suddenly or you are struggling to breathe.

You many suddenly feel warm and your face may get red while the drugs are being given. If you have black or brown skin, your skin colour may deepen.

You may also have a blocked or stuffy nose and a strange taste when cyclophosphamide is being given.

These side effects do not last long. But if you notice them, you should always tell your nurse or doctor.

Sometimes cancer drugs that are given into a vein may leak outside the vein. If this happens, some drugs can damage the tissue near the vein. This is called extravasation. Extravasation is not common, but it is important that it is dealt with quickly. If you have any of the following symptoms around the vein during or after your treatment, tell your nurse straight away:

• stinging
• pain
• swelling
• if you have white skin, the area may become red
• if you have black or brown skin, the area may become darker.

This treatment can cause pain:

• at the place where the drip (infusion) is given 
• along the vein. 

If you feel pain, tell your nurse straight away. They can check the site. They may give the drug more slowly or flush it through with more fluid to reduce pain.

Your doctor, nurse or pharmacist will prescribe anti-sickness drugs to help prevent or control sickness. Take the drugs exactly as they tell you to, even if you do not feel sick. It is easier to prevent sickness than to treat it after it has started.

If you feel sick, take small sips of fluid often and eat small amounts regularly. It is important to drink enough fluids. If you continue to feel sick, or if you are sick (vomit) 1 to 2 times in 24 hours, contact the hospital on the 24-hour number as soon as possible. They will give you advice. They may change your anti-sickness treatment. Let them know if you still feel sick.

This treatment can affect your appetite. Don’t worry if you do not eat much for 1 or 2 days. But if your appetite does not come back after a few days, or if you are losing weight, tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. They can give you advice. They may give you food or drink supplements. Or they may suggest changes to your diet or eating habits to help.

This treatment may cause a sore mouth and throat. You may also get mouth ulcers. This can make you more likely to get a mouth or throat infection. Use a soft toothbrush to clean your teeth or dentures in the morning, at night and after meals.

Contact the hospital straight away on the 24-hour number, if:

• a sore mouth or throat affects how much you can drink or eat 
• your mouth, tongue, throat or lips have any blisters, ulcers or white patches. 

They can give you advice, and mouthwash or medicines to help with the pain or to treat any infection. Follow their advice and make sure you:

• drink plenty of fluids
• avoid alcohol and tobacco
• avoid food or drinks that irritate your mouth and throat.

This treatment may cause diarrhoea. Diarrhoea means passing more stools (poo) than is normal for you, or having watery or loose stools. You may also have stomach cramps. If you have a stoma, it may be more active than usual. 

If you are passing loose stools 3 or more times a day and this is not normal for you, contact the hospital as soon as possible on the 24-hour number. Follow the advice they give you about:

• taking anti-diarrhoea medicines 
• drinking enough fluids to keep you hydrated and to replace lost salts and minerals
• any changes to your diet that might help. 

They might also ask you for a specimen of your stool to check for infection.

This treatment may cause tummy (abdomen) pain. Tell your doctor or nurse if this happens so they can help.

This treatment can affect how the heart works. You may have tests to check how well your heart is working. These may be done before, during and after treatment.

If the treatment is causing heart problems, your doctor may change the type of treatment you are having.

Contact the hospital straight away on the 24-hour number if you have any of these symptoms during or after treatment:

• breathlessness
• dizziness
• changes to your heartbeat (palpitations)
• swollen feet and ankles.

Other conditions can cause these symptoms, but it is important to get them checked by a doctor.

Always call 999 if you have:

• chest pain, pressure, heaviness, tightness or squeezing across the chest
• difficulty breathing.

Chemotherapy can affect your skin. If your skin feels dry, try using soap-free cleansers and unperfumed moisturising cream every day.

This treatment can also:

• cause a rash, which may be itchy 
• make your skin darker in some areas 
• make any area treated with radiotherapy become red or sore. If you have white skin the area will become red and if you have black or brown skin the area might become darker. 
• make you more sensitive to the sun. 

Your skin may burn more easily during treatment and for several months after. Use a sun cream of at least SPF 30. SPF stands for sun protection factor. Cover up with clothing and wear a hat. 

Always tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist about any skin changes. They can give you advice or prescribe creams or medicines to help. Changes to your skin are usually temporary and improve when treatment ends.

This treatment can affect your nails. They may grow more slowly or break more easily. You might notice ridges or white or dark lines across your nails. These changes usually disappear as the nails grow out after treatment. Sometimes nails can become loose or fall out.

If the skin around your nails becomes sore and swollen, contact the hospital straight away on the 24-hour number. These might be signs of an infection.

Tips to look after your nails:

• Keep your nails clipped short and clean. 
• Avoid using very hot water when washing your hands or bathing.
• Moisturise your nails and cuticles regularly.
• It is okay to use water-based nail polish - but ask your cancer team if you want to use false nails, gels or other acrylics during treatment.
• Wear gloves to protect your nails when working in the house or garden.
• If your toenails are affected, wear well-fitting shoes, or shoes with open toes to cushion them.

Tell your doctor or nurse about any changes to your nails. They can give you advice or arrange for you to see a podiatrist. They are a foot care specialist.

Feeling tired is a common side effect of this treatment. It is often worse towards the end of treatment and for some weeks after it ends. Try to pace yourself and plan your day so you have time to rest. Gentle exercise, like short walks, can help you feel less tired. 

If you feel sleepy, do not drive or use machinery.

This treatment can affect how your kidneys or liver work. This is usually mild and goes back to normal after treatment ends. You will have blood tests to check how well your kidneys and liver are working. Contact the hospital on the 24-hour number if you:

• have blood in your urine (pee)
• are passing less urine or peeing less often than usual.

Drinking fluids also helps protect your kidneys. The advice is usually to try to drink at least 2 litres (3½ pints) of fluid each day. But follow any advice from your doctor, nurse or pharmacist about how much is right for you.

This treatment can increase the risk of developing a second cancer years later. This is rare. The benefits of treatment usually far outweigh this risk. Your doctor, nurse or pharmacist can talk to you about this.