Erlotinib (Tarceva®)

Erlotinib comes as tablets, so you can take it at home.

During treatment you usually see a:

• cancer doctor
• chemotherapy nurse or specialist nurse
• specialist pharmacist.

This is who we mean when we mention doctor, nurse or pharmacist in this information.

During your treatment you will have regular blood tests and appointments with your nurse, pharmacist or doctor. They will talk to you about your blood results and ask you how you have been feeling.

Your nurse, pharmacist or doctor will discuss your treatment plan with you. Erlotinib may be given on its own, or with other chemotherapy drugs. Usually, you continue taking erlotinib for as long as it is working for you and side effects can be managed. Do not stop taking it without your doctor’s advice.

The nurse or pharmacist will give you the tablets to take home. Always take them exactly as explained. This is important to make sure they work as well as possible for you. You may be given tablets of different strengths.

Your nurse or pharmacist may also give you anti-sickness drugs and other medicines to take home.

Erlotinib must be swallowed whole with a glass of water. The tablets should not be chewed, broken or crushed. Take your tablets at least 1 hour before eating anything, or take them 2 hours after you have eaten. Take them at the same time every day.

Do not eat grapefruit or drink grapefruit juice during treatment with erlotinib. It may increase the side effects of erlotinib.

If you take any medicines to reduce stomach acid, talk to your doctor first. These drugs may interfere with the way erlotinib works. Your doctor will advise you which medicines you can take and how to take them safely.

If you forget to take your tablets, you should take the missed dose as soon as possible within the same day. If a full day has gone by, let your doctor or nurse know. Do not take a double dose unless your doctor tells you to.

Other things to remember about your tablets:

• Wash your hands after taking your tablets.
• Other people should avoid direct contact with the drugs.
• Keep them in the original package and at room temperature, away from heat and direct sunlight.
• Keep them safe and out of sight and reach of children.
• If you are sick just after taking the tablets, contact the hospital. Do not take another dose.
• If your treatment is stopped, return any unused tablets to the pharmacist.

You may develop an acne-like rash on your face during the first 2 to 3 weeks of treatment. Always tell your doctor or nurse about any skin changes. They can give you advice and prescribe creams or medicines to help. Do not use any over the counter acne products, as this can make the skin problems worse.

This treatment may also cause skin changes, including:

• a rash
• itching
• dry or cracked skin. 

Here are some things you can do to look after your skin during treatment:

• Wash with lukewarm water using mild, unperfumed, soap-free cleansers.
• Moisturise your skin regularly with unperfumed moisturisers. Ask your doctor or nurse what is best.
• Do not use anti-acne products or any products containing alcohol on your skin.
• If you are out in the sun, use a sun cream with a high sun protection factor (at least SPF 30), or protective clothing to protect your skin.

Rarely, a much more serious skin condition can develop. You may have:

• a skin rash which then blisters
• peeling skin
• flu-like symptoms, such as a high temperature and joint pain.

If you have any of these symptoms, contact your doctor or hospital straight away.

This treatment can affect your nails. They may grow more slowly or break more easily. You might notice ridges or white or dark lines across your nails. These changes usually disappear as the nails grow out after treatment. Sometimes nails can become loose or fall out.

If the skin around your nails becomes sore and swollen, contact the hospital straight away on the 24-hour number. These might be signs of an infection.

Tips to look after your nails:

• Keep your nails clipped short and clean. 
• Avoid using very hot water when washing your hands or bathing.
• Moisturise your nails and cuticles regularly.
• It is okay to use water-based nail polish - but ask your cancer team if you want to use false nails, gels or other acrylics during treatment.
• Wear gloves to protect your nails when working in the house or garden.
• If your toenails are affected, wear well-fitting shoes, or shoes with open toes to cushion them.

Tell your doctor or nurse about any changes to your nails. They can give you advice or arrange for you to see a podiatrist. They are a foot care specialist.

This treatment may cause diarrhoea. Diarrhoea means passing more stools (poo) than is usual for you, or having watery or loose stools. If you have a stoma, it will be more active than usual.

Your hospital team may give you anti-diarrhoea drugs to take at home.

If you have diarrhoea or a mild increase in stoma activity:

• follow any advice from your cancer team about taking anti-diarrhoea drugs
• drink at least 2 litres (3 1/2 pints) of fluids each day
• avoid alcohol, caffeine, milk products, high-fat foods and high-fibre foods.

Contact the hospital straight away if:

• you have diarrhoea at night
• you have diarrhoea more than 4 times in a day
• you have a moderate or severe increase in stoma activity
• the anti-diarrhoea drugs do not work within 24 hours

You may need to go to hospital to have fluids through a drip.

Some people have pain or discomfort in their tummy (abdomen) during treatment. Tell your doctor if this happens.

Very rarely, erlotinib can cause a hole (perforation) in the bowel. Contact your doctor immediately if you:

• have severe pain in the tummy
• are bleeding from the back passage
• have black stools (poo)
• are vomiting up blood (or vomit that looks like coffee grounds).

If you cannot get through to your doctor, call the NHS urgent advice number on 111.

Feeling tired is a common side effect. Try to pace yourself and plan your day so you have time to rest between activities.

Being physically active can help to manage tiredness and give you more energy. It also:

• helps you sleep better
• reduces stress
• improves your bone health.

If you feel sleepy, do not drive or operate machinery.

This treatment can reduce the number of white blood cells in your blood. These cells fight infection. If your white blood cell count is low, you may be more likely to get an infection. A low white blood cell count is called neutropenia.

An infection can be very serious when the number of white blood cells is low. It is important to get any infection treated as soon as possible. If you have any of the following symptoms, contact the hospital straight away on the 24-hour number:

• a temperature above 37.5°C  
• a temperature below 36°C 
• you feel unwell, even with a normal temperature
• you have symptoms of an infection.

Symptoms of an infection include:

• feeling shivery and shaking
• a sore throat
• a cough 
• breathlessness
• diarrhoea
• needing to pass urine (pee) often, or discomfort when you pass urine.

It is important to follow any specific advice your cancer treatment team gives you.

Your white blood cell count will usually return to normal before your next treatment. You will have a blood test before having more treatment. If your white blood cell count is low, your doctor may delay your treatment for a short time, until your cell count increases.

Your doctor, nurse or pharmacist will prescribe anti-sickness drugs to help prevent or control sickness. Take the drugs exactly as they tell you to, even if you do not feel sick. It is easier to prevent sickness than to treat it after it has started.

If you feel sick, take small sips of fluid often and eat small amounts regularly. It is important to drink enough fluids. If you continue to feel sick, or if you are sick (vomit) 1 to 2 times in 24 hours, contact the hospital on the 24-hour number as soon as possible. They will give you advice. They may change your anti-sickness treatment. Let them know if you still feel sick.

This treatment may cause a sore mouth and throat. You may also get mouth ulcers. This can make you more likely to get a mouth or throat infection. Use a soft toothbrush to clean your teeth or dentures in the morning, at night and after meals.

Contact the hospital straight away on the 24-hour number, if:

• a sore mouth or throat affects how much you can drink or eat 
• your mouth, tongue, throat or lips have any blisters, ulcers or white patches. 

They can give you advice, and mouthwash or medicines to help with the pain or to treat any infection. Follow their advice and make sure you:

• drink plenty of fluids
• avoid alcohol and tobacco
• avoid food or drinks that irritate your mouth and throat.

This treatment can affect your appetite. Don’t worry if you do not eat much for 1 or 2 days. But if your appetite does not come back after a few days, or if you are losing weight, tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. They can give you advice. They may give you food or drink supplements. Or they may suggest changes to your diet or eating habits to help.

This treatment can cause changes to the lungs. Contact the hospital straight away if you develop:

• a cough
• wheezing
• breathlessness
• a fever, with a temperature over 37.5°C (99.5°F).

Let them know if symptoms have come on suddenly. You should also tell them if any existing breathing problems get worse. You may have tests to check your lungs.

Some people develop sore, red eyes (conjunctivitis) or dry eyes while they are having this treatment. Tell your doctor if you develop any of these symptoms. Your doctor can prescribe eye drops to help with this.

Tell your doctor or nurse straight away if you have eyesight changes, or if your eyes become more painful or sensitive to light. Your eyelashes may also grow longer, curlier, turn inwards or grow in the wrong direction. If this causes a problem, your doctor can give you advice.

This treatment may affect the nerves in your fingers and toes. This can cause numbness, tingling or pain in your hands or feet. This is called peripheral neuropathy. You might find it hard to do fiddly tasks such as fastening buttons or tying shoelaces.

If you have these symptoms, always tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. They sometimes need to change the drug or the dose of the drug. The symptoms usually improve slowly after treatment ends. But for some people they continue and are a long-term side effect of treatment.

This treatment may cause headaches. If you have headaches, tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. They can give you advice about painkillers that may help. Tell them if the headache does not get better, or gets worse.

You may feel low or depressed, or have mood swings, during this treatment. Talking to family and friends about how you feel might help. If mood changes last for more than a few weeks, tell your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. They can talk to you about different ways to manage low mood or depression.

This treatment may affect how your liver works. This is usually mild. You will have blood tests to check how well your liver is working.

Cancer and some cancer treatments can increase the risk of a blood clot. Contact the hospital straight away on the 24-hour number if you have any of these symptoms during or after treatment:

• throbbing pain or swelling in a leg or arm
• reddening of the skin in the area – if you have black or brown skin, this can be harder to notice, but the skin might become darker
• suddenly feeling breathless or coughing.

Always call 999 if you have:

• chest pain
• difficulty breathing.

A blood clot is serious, but it can be treated with drugs called anticoagulants. These thin the blood. Your doctor, nurse or pharmacist can give you more information about preventing and treating blood clots.

Smoking reduces the level of erlotinib in the blood and may make it less effective. If you smoke, try to stop before you start treatment. Your doctor or nurse can suggest ways to help. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you stop smoking during treatment.

Some medicines can affect how this treatment works or be harmful while you are having it. Always tell your cancer doctor, nurse or pharmacist about any drugs you are taking or planning to take, such as: 

• medicines you have been prescribed
• medicines you buy in a shop, pharmacy or online
• vitamins or supplements 
• herbal drugs and complementary or homeopathic therapies
• recreational drugs – for example, cannabis.

These tablets contain a type of sugar called lactose. If you have been told by a doctor that you cannot digest some sugars or are lactose intolerant, talk to your doctor before taking this drug.

Doctors usually recommend that people with cancer have vaccinations for flu and for coronavirus (covid). These help reduce your risk of serious illness from these infections. Most people can have these vaccines, including people with weak immune systems.

If your immune system is weak, you should not have live vaccinations. Live vaccines can make you unwell because they contain a very weak version of the illness they will protect you against. Live vaccines include Zostavax^®, which is a shingles vaccine, and the yellow fever vaccine.

It is important to ask your doctor, nurse or pharmacist for advice about having vaccinations. They can explain what vaccines are right for you and when it is best to have them.

Your doctor, nurse or pharmacist will advise you not to get pregnant or make someone pregnant while having this treatment and for some time afterwards. The drugs may harm a developing baby. It is important to use contraception to prevent pregnancy. Follow their advice about:

• what types of contraception to use 
• how long after treatment you should continue to use contraception. 

You are advised not to breastfeed while having this treatment, or for some time after treatment ends. This is because the drugs could be passed to the baby through breast milk. 

Your doctor, nurse or pharmacist can give you more information.

It is possible that small amounts of chemotherapy may be passed on through vaginal fluids or semen. If you have sex during this treatment, your cancer team will usually advise using condoms or a dental dam to protect your partner.

Some cancer drugs can affect whether you can get pregnant or make someone pregnant. If you are worried about this, it is important to talk with your doctor before you start treatment.

If you need medical treatment for any reason other than cancer, always tell the healthcare professional that you are having cancer treatment. Give them the contact details for your cancer doctor or cancer team so they can ask for advice.

If you have appointments with a dentist, always tell them you are having cancer treatment. Talk to your cancer team before you have any dental treatment.